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== Power for the Motherboard and CPU ==== Motherboard Power Connector Types == === Motherboard Power Connector Types ===Three common ATX power to motherboard connector configurations, a 20 pin connector, a 20 +4 pin connector, and a 24 pin connector. The 20 +4 may be used for either 20 pin connector motherboards or 24 pin connector motherboards. The first 20 pins are a consistent standard on all three configurations. Technically, even the 24 pin male power connector can be used on a 20 pin motherboard by allowing the four extra to hang off the side, given there is room (one one motherboard example a capacitor is in the way.)=== Standard ATX Connectors === Three common ATX power to motherboard connector configurations, a 20 pin connector, a 20 +4 pin connector, and a 24 pin connector. The 20 +4 may be used for either 20 pin connector motherboards or 24 pin connector motherboards. The first 20 pins are a consistent standard on all three configurations. ''As a general rule of thumb +/-5% is considered OK for voltage variation.''==== Technical Notes ====:'''Using a 24 pin power connector on a 20 pin motherboard'''The 24 pin male power connector can also be used on a 20 pin motherboard by allowing the four extra to hang off the side, given there is room (''one one motherboard example a capacitor is in the way.''):'''Using a 20 pin power connector on a 24 pin motherboard'''Technically this is also possible to do, however, you risk overloading the 20 pin connector. It is possible to do this because the additional 4 connectors on a 24 pin power connector supply additional voltage to the motherboard into common circuits. Without the additional 4 connectors, you will be drawing more power than the maximum rating through the 20 pin connector which will cause it to overheat.[[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers11.png]]:'''A Closer Look at the Extra 4 Power Supply Pins'''The 4-pin +12V power connector is specified for all power supplies conforming to the ATX12V form factor, and consists of a Molex Mini-Fit, Jr. connector housing with female terminals. For reference, the connector is Molex part number 39-01-2040 and the terminals are part number 5556. This is the same style of connector as the ATX Main power connector, except with fewer pins.[[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers13.png]]:'''Hot-Starting and ATX Power Supply Not Connected to a Motherboard'''The old AT style power supplies could easily be turned on when not connected to a motherboard because the switch was mechanical. ATX power supplies are electronically switched via the motherboard. It is possible to turn on an ATX power supply when not connected to a motherboard.To turn on an ATX power supply not connected to a motherboard short between the green and black wires on the 20 or 24-pin connector, with a paper clip or piece of wire.[[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers12.png]]You can use any of the black "ground" wires. There is a single green wire you must use for the jumper. While the jumper is connected the power supply should turn on and it will remain on as long as the jumper is connected. Once the jumper is removed then the power supply will turn off.=== Legacy AT Motherboard Power Connector ===The original PC starting in 1981 used two cables (Molex 90331) to connect the power supply to the motherboard. They connected side by side into the motherboard, and they could easily be reversed accidentally, or inverted which will result in damage to the motherboard. When connecting them to the motherboard it was important to observe the "black to black" rule.{| cellpadding=0|- align="center"! colspan="3" bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Pinout|- align="center"! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Pin number! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Wire color! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Description|-| align="center" | 1| align="center" | orange| align="center" | power good|-| align="center" | 2| align="center" | red| align="center" | +5 volts or connector key|-| align="center" | 3| align="center" | yellow| align="center" | +12 volts|-| align="center" | 4| align="center" | blue| align="center" | -12 volts|-| align="center" | 5| align="center" | black| align="center" | ground|-| align="center" | 6| align="center" | black| align="center" | ground|-| align="center" | 1| align="center" | black| align="center" | ground|-| align="center" | 2| align="center" | black| align="center" | ground|-| align="center" | 3| align="center" | white| align="center" | -5 volts|-| align="center" | 4| align="center" | red| align="center" | +5 volts|-| align="center" | 5| align="center" | red| align="center" | +5 volts|-| align="center" | 6| align="center" | red| align="center" | +5 volts|}On an AT system the power supply delivered a majority of power at 5 volts since most of the motherboard ran at that voltage. One rail was 5v and the other 12v. [[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers15.png]] == Additional Motherboard Power and CPU Power ===== Six Pin Inline Auxiliary Power Connector ===ATX 2.02/2.03 and ATX12V 1.x Auxiliary Power Connector<BR>When more amperage is required by the motherboard before the 24 pin connector was devised, this six pin inline connector was equipped with power supplies to provide supplemental power to the motherboard.[[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers10.png]]The total power handling capacity of this connector is 58 watts. When combined with the 20 Pin ATX motherboard power connector the total power delivery capability to the motherboard is 309 watts maximum. == Additional Charts and Data ===== Power Connector List With Introduction Chronology ==={| border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0|- align="center"! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Version! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Introduction date! bgcolor="#c0c0c0" | Included connectors|-| align="center" | PC| align="center" | 1981|*original PC main power cables*4 pin peripheral cable|-| align="center" | ATX| align="center" | 1995|*20 pin main power cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|-| align="center" | ATX12V 1.0| align="center" | 2000|*20 pin main power cable*4 pin 12 volt cable*6 pin auxiliary cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|-| align="center" | ATX12V 1.3| align="center" | 2003|*20 pin main power cable*4 pin 12 volt cable*6 pin auxiliary cable*SATA cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|-| align="center" | ATX12V 2.0| align="center" | 2003|*24 pin main power cable*4 pin 12 volt cable*6 Pin PCI Express power cable*SATA cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|-| align="center" | EPS12V| align="center" | 2003|*24 pin main power cable*8 pin 12 volt cable*6 Pin PCI Express power cable*SATA cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|-| align="center" | PCI Express 2.0| align="center" | 2007|*24 pin main power cable*4 pin 12 volt cable*8 pin 12 volt cable*6 Pin PCI Express power cable*8 Pin PCI Express power cable*SATA cable*4 pin peripheral cable*floppy cable|} === Connector Picture Chart ===[[Image:Connector-Picture-Chart.jpg]] === Inside the ATX Power Supply ===[[Image:PowerSupplyVoltageDataforPersonalComputers16.png]]The power supply can be fully discharged by connecting the black and red wires together. == Front Panel Header Connectors ==The most common question might be, which is positive, the white or the colored wire? For the LED connectors, the colored wire is usually indicative of a positive polarity. + colored wire - white[[Image:mobofrontpanelconnectors01.jpg]]For the power LED indicator, insert the connector with the colored wire into the header with the '+' mark. If you've connected it the other way around, you won't see the LED light up when the system is powered. Also observe the proper polarity when connecting the hard drive LED connector.[[Image:mobofrontpanelconnectors02.png]]For the power switch connector, polarity isn't really important. The same holds true for the reset connector. When you connect the speaker, you should observe proper polarity. Some motherboards have built-in buzzers and as such, the speaker connection is not needed. + red - black