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Flooded lead-acid batteries are what you typically find in a gasoline powered car. An AGM battery is a 12-volt car battery that can be used as an alternative to traditional flooded lead-acid batteries. The Valve Regulated Lead-acid batteries include AGM and gel technology. These are also known as SLA. Flooded lead-acid batteries are what you typically find in a gasoline powered car. Invented in 1859 the old wet cell lead acid battery has been with us for a long time. Lead-acid batteries are cheap to manufacture, flexible in their application, have a predictable lifespan and can be recycled. By the 1920s people were tired of having to manually crank start their automobiles. Many people broke their wrists and thumbs trying to get their car started. The first electric start car was introduced by Cadillac which utilized a lead acid battery and an electric start motor. [[File:classicleadacidbattery.gif]] The fluid in a lead acid battery is called electrolyte, a mixture of sulphuric acid and water. Flooded lead-acid batteries require regular maintenance by adding distilled water. These batteries operate by producing an electric charge when the sulphate in the sulphuric acid becomes bonded to the lead in the battery. The electrical charge is replenished by reversing this reaction resulting in the sulphate going back into sulphuric acid. When your battery charges, the electrolyte heats up and some of the water evaporates. During a process called electrolysis, the water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen gases that dissipate. The level of electrolyte becomes lower in the battery and it becomes necessary to add some distilled water until the proper level is restored. The electrolyte should cover the battery plates. Modern sealed "maintenance free" batteries do not have removable caps allowing you to replenish lost electrolyte. Although electrolyte is lost over time due to some venting, very little is lost in comparison to traditional batteries. A special calcium alloy of lead is utilized in maintenance-free batteries to sustain the water for an extended period. When a maintenance-free battery starts to lose its capacity to hold a charge, it’s better to replace it with a new one. Whereas, in the case of conventional batteries, you can add distilled water to recover electrolytes in plates. Most of the time when you purchase a modern Maintenance Free battery it will be an AGM battery. An AGM battery is a 12-volt car battery that can be used as an alternative to traditional flooded lead-acid batteries. The Valve Regulated Lead-acid batteries include AGM and gel technology. These are also known as SLA. The AGM battery and the standard lead acid battery are technically the same when it comes to their base chemistry. They both use lead plates and an electrolyte mix of sulfuric acid and water and have a chemical reaction that produces hydrogen and oxygen as a byproduct. The flooded lead acid battery (FLA battery) uses lead plates submerged in liquid electrolyte. In a conventional FLA battery the gases produced during its chemical reaction are vented while the AGM is a sealed battery, there’s minimal to no vented gasses. Gases produced during the chemical reaction in an AGM battery are recombined with the electrolyte. The AGM battery is maintenance-free and can be placed in more enclosed areas such as vehicles with batteries in trunks and under seats. The AGM battery tends to be built harder than the flooded lead acid battery, as it originally served military and aviation use. Due to their design they are shock and vibration resistant. The AGM battery’s internal resistance is among the lowest of the various lead acid batteries. While a new flooded lead acid battery can have an internal resistance of 10-15%, a new AGM battery can be as low as 2%. Low internal resistance translates to increased battery voltage output. It also means a reduced loss of heat as power circulates in the system. AGM batteries have an 80% depth of discharge (DoD), which is better than the 50% DoD offered by a flooded cell battery. This makes the AGM battery well-suited to deep cycle applications. Depth of Discharge indicates how much battery capacity can be discharged safely without damaging it. == Comparison ==== Comparison AGM and Gel ==== Terminology =='''Flooded Lead Acid''': The flooded lead acid battery (FLA battery) is the most common lead acid battery type and is often referred to as a standard or conventional, or even a wet cell battery. '''Sealed Lead Acid''': Also known as VRLA or Valve Regulated Lead Acid battery. These are Flooded Lead Acid batteries that uses a one-way valve to regulate pressure resulting from internal chemical reactions. You can not perform maintenance on these batteries by adding additional liquid electrolyte or water. '''Deep Cycle''': The deep cycle battery is designed to deliver steady power over an extended period of time rather than a lot of amps for a quick moment such as starting a car. Marine vehicles and computer backup units utilize deep cycle batteries. These batteries can be any of the types of lead acid including AGM and gel, or even Lithium. '''EFB''': Enhanced Flooded Lead Acid Battery is a flooded battery designed as an improvement over conventional batteries that’s also cheaper than an AGM battery.'''Lithium''': Not yet that suitable for cars and trucks, Lithium batteries are now being used for motorcycles, ATVs, and other similar vehicle types. These are not the type of lithium-ion batteries in your phone but are constructed from a lithium-iron-phosphate blend that slightly reduces its power density for significantly more chemical stability. Lithium batteries produce 13.2 volts rather than 12v. == Timeline ==1859 - French physician Gaston Planté invented a rudimentary lead-acid battery1912 - Cadillac introduced the first gasoline passenger car with electric start invented by Charles Kettering1953 - Auto manufacturers started the transition from 6v to 12v 1971 - Delco-Remy Freedom Battery hits the market, the first maintenance-free lead acid battery{{:Related:_Automotive_Battery_Pages}}