Difference between revisions of "Console Command Reference"
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Revision as of 02:20, 8 June 2007
[ Basic Command Reference for UNIX/Linux ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Linux/UNIX command Description MS-DOS equivalent -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ./{application} start {application} in current dir. {application} {up arrow / down arrow} previous / next command in buffer doskey cd {directory} go to directory {directory} cd cd .. (or cd ../ or cd /..) go down one directory cd.. {string} [tab] [tab] view all commands starting with {string} adduser add a user to the system ls list a directory dir cat {filename} view a textfile on the terminal type mv {filename} {newname} move or rename file move cp {filename} {filepath} copy file copy rm {filename} delete a file del mkdir {directory} make a directory md rmdir {directory} remove a directory rd rm -r {directory} remove directory and all underlying files deltree rm p remove a package df Show free space on device chkdsk top view memory status (q to quit) mem man {command} get a manual page about these commands help less {filename} enhanced text file view echo print something on the screen echo mc Norton Commander for UNIX nc mount to couple a device (cdrom) (floppy) umount to uncouple a device shutdown -h now to shutdown (same as the shutdown on windows start menu) shutdown -r now to shutdown and reboot the system [ Advanced commands ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ chmod {permissions} {file} Change file permissions ls -l x Perform a detailed directory listing for file x ln -s x y Make a symbolic link from x to y find x -name y -print find file y, begin the search from within directory x and print the results to the screen ps to view all running processes kill x to terminate process x (x is PID from ps) [alt] + F1 - F7 switch to terminal 1 - 7 (in text terminal; F7 = X-Windows (when started)) lilo to make a boot disk [ Additional Advanced commands ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ dmesg print kernel buffer, useful to review boot messages [ Derek's General Linux Quick Command Reference with examples ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ *-----[access removable drives]-----* cdrom mount -> mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cdrom unmount -> umount /dev/cdrom floppy mount -> mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy floppy unmount -> umount /dev/fd0 *-----[logging on and off]-----* shutdown -h now (to completely shutdown system startx -- -bpp 15 (load XF86 in high colour) 15= 32768, 16 bpp= 65536, 24 or 32 bpp,= 16.7 mil colors *-----[connect to inet with minicom]-----* minicom -s cntrl-A + D , (add phonenumber if necessary) connect , after the *%^*)*^%58^%&%(*^&%$^&*(*&(^% cntrl-A + Q and choose "Quit without Reset" at the prompt type: pppd defaultroute /dev/modem *-----[install software and components]-----* RPM -> rpm -i --percent filename.rpm tar xvf filename.tar -> untar gzip -dfvr -> un-gzip *-----[hotkeys and multitask]-----* Alt-F1 through F6 -> switches consoles Ctrl-Alt-F1-F2 to 6 -> switch from X to console Alt-F7 -> switch from console back to X *-----[miscellaneous]-----* ping -i 300 host.domain.com /dev/null -> ping bot ping -i 300 host.domain.com }/dev/null & -> better ps -u username -> show my processes on SunOS Unix route -h -> show network info and ip's *-----[console keystrokes]-----* vi -> vi filename (powerful text editor) pico -> pico filename (edit a text file) SHIFT-PGUP -> in colsole to scroll up ls | less -> does directory in scrollable format ls -l | less -> above with file sizes pico filename -> create batch program chmod +x filename -> set executable file permission ln -s realdir fakedir -> create link to directory pwd -> shows working directory *-----[technicial]-----* modprobe -> added kernel module modprobe ne.o -> with parameters to add netcard *-----[recompile kernel]-----* uname -r -> display current kernel version /usr/src/linux make config or make menuconfig [ Terminology ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ symlink Symbolic link to another file or directory. Like Win95's shortcuts shell script Like MS-DOS's batchfiles; perform a series of commands after another. [ X-Windows ] _________________________________________________________________________________________________ @ startx to start X-windows [ctrl] + [alt] + [backsp] to quit X during trouble [ctrl] + [alt] + F1 - F6 to switch to text terminal 1 - 6 (in X-windows) xf86Config most primitive setup/configurator for x (in text terminal) Xconfigurator another configurator for X in text terminal xf86Setup an X-Windows configurator for X configX to configure Metro-X server _________________________________________________________________________________________________